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Related Concept Videos

Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

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Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
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When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Semiconductors

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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
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Related Experiment Video

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Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
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Symmetry-Driven Band Gap Engineering in Hydrogen Functionalized Graphene.

Jakob Holm Jørgensen1, Antonija Grubišić Čabo1, Richard Balog1,2

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center iNANO, Aarhus University , Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark.

ACS Nano
|December 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Hydrogen functionalization of graphene on Ir(111) precisely controls hydrogen placement, enabling band gap engineering. Elevated temperatures create highly periodic structures for tailored electronic properties.

Keywords:
Ir(111)STMband gap engineeringfunctionalizationgraphenehydrogenphotoemission spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Graphene's unique electronic properties make it a candidate for advanced electronics.
  • Band gap engineering is crucial for tuning graphene's conductivity for specific applications.
  • Controlling functionalization at the atomic level is key to precise band gap modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate band gap engineering in hydrogen-functionalized graphene by controlling functionalization symmetry.
  • To investigate the role of hydrogen adsorbate binding energies in creating periodic functionalization structures.
  • To achieve selective functionalization of specific regions within the graphene/Ir(111) moiré supercell.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to characterize functionalization.
  • Employing Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to understand hydrogen adsorption preferences.
  • Using Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) to probe the electronic band structure.

Main Results:

  • Highly periodic hydrogen functionalization structures were prepared by controlling sample temperature (Ts) during hydrogenation.
  • At Ts = 645 K and above, hydrogen selectively adsorbs on the HCP regions of the graphene/Ir(111) moiré structure.
  • Selective functionalization led to band gap opening with minimal band broadening.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated sample temperatures enable selective hydrogen adsorption on specific moiré regions.
  • This selective hydrogenation is an effective method for band gap engineering in graphene.
  • The approach offers a pathway to tailor graphene's electronic properties for technological applications.