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Haemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys - current knowledge.

Kuldeep Dhama1, Vasudevan Gowthaman2, Kumaragurubaran Karthik3

  • 1a Avian Diseases Section, Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India.

The Veterinary Quarterly
|December 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Haemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) severely impacts turkey immunity and health. Advanced diagnostics and novel vaccines, including subunit and recombinant virus-vectored types, offer high protection against this siadenovirus.

Keywords:
Turkeycontroldiagnosishaemorrhagic enteritis viruspathobiologyreviewvaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunology
  • Poultry Disease

Background:

  • Haemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV), a siadenovirus, causes acute gastrointestinal disease in turkeys.
  • HEV infection compromises both humoral and cellular immunity, increasing susceptibility to secondary infections and vaccine failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive analysis of HEV genetics, pathobiology, diagnostics, and vaccination strategies.
  • To highlight advancements in controlling HEV-induced disease in turkeys.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HEV genetics, pathogenesis, and immune response.
  • Analysis of diagnostic techniques, including quantitative real-time PCR.
  • Evaluation of current and novel vaccine approaches, such as live attenuated and recombinant vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Virulence is linked to ORF1, E3, and fib genes; virulent and avirulent strains are serologically identical.
  • Intestinal contents and spleen are optimal diagnostic samples; real-time PCR offers rapid detection.
  • Live avirulent HEV strains and novel subunit/recombinant vaccines provide significant protection.

Conclusions:

  • Effective diagnostic tools, biosecurity, and vaccination are crucial for managing HEV outbreaks.
  • Novel vaccine technologies show promise for high protection against HEV challenges.
  • Understanding HEV genetics and pathobiology is key to developing robust control strategies.