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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release
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Temperature-responsive PLLA/PNIPAM nanofibers for switchable release.

Roman Elashnikov1, Petr Slepička1, Silvie Rimpelova2

  • 1Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.

Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications
|December 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study presents smart nanofibers that release the antimicrobial crystal violet (CV) on demand. These temperature-responsive materials offer controlled drug delivery for biomedical applications.

Keywords:
AntibacterialElectrospinningNanofibersPolymer blendsResponsive releaseStimuli-responsiveSwitchable wettability

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Polymer Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Smart antimicrobial materials are crucial for advanced biomedical applications.
  • On-demand drug release systems require precise control over material properties.
  • Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly-L-lactide (PLLA) are suitable polymers for responsive materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop temperature-responsive nanofibers for controlled drug release.
  • To investigate the incorporation of crystal violet (CV) into PNIPAM/PLLA nanofibers.
  • To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of released CV.

Main Methods:

  • Electrospinning was used to fabricate PNIPAM/PLLA nanofibers with varying polymer ratios.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterized nanofiber morphology and polymer distribution.
  • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyzed polymer interactions and PNIPAM phase transition.
  • Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) quantified temperature-dependent CV release kinetics.
  • Antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli.

Main Results:

  • Nanofibers with switchable wettability and controlled CV release were successfully fabricated.
  • PNIPAM/PLLA interactions were characterized, and their effect on PNIPAM's lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was studied.
  • Temperature changes across the LCST triggered tunable CV release.
  • The released CV demonstrated temperature-responsive antimicrobial activity against tested bacteria.
  • The release kinetics of CV from the polymer nanofibers were dependent on temperature.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PNIPAM/PLLA nanofibers offer a promising platform for on-demand antimicrobial drug delivery.
  • Temperature-triggered release of crystal violet from these nanofibers enables controllable antimicrobial activity.
  • This smart material holds significant potential for biomedical applications requiring controlled drug release.