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Targeting physical activity interventions for adults: When should intervention occur?

Katelyn M Holliday1, Dan Yu Lin2, Sujatro Chakladar2

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Physical activity transitions vary by age, race, and sex. Interventions must address demographic differences in physical activity (PA) levels across adulthood, especially for groups with early declines.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Understanding demographic variations in physical activity (PA) transitions is crucial for effective interventions.
  • Few studies have analyzed these PA transitions in diverse, contemporary adult populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate age-, race/ethnicity-, and sex-specific 1-year net transition probabilities (NTPs) for PA levels.
  • To identify demographic differences in PA transitions across adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2012) and the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008-2011).
  • Employed novel Markov-type state transition models adapted for cross-sectional data to calculate NTPs.
  • Analyzed transitions between ideal (≥150min/week), intermediate (>0-<149min/week), and poor (0min/week) PA levels.

Main Results:

  • NTPs to intermediate PA generally increased with age, notably for non-Hispanic black females.
  • Significant heterogeneity observed in intermediate to poor PA NTPs, peaking early for Hispanic/Latino adults and increasing with age for non-Hispanic blacks and whites.
  • Initial proportions of ideal PA varied by demographic group, with non-Hispanic white males having the highest and non-Hispanic black females the lowest at age 20.

Conclusions:

  • Demographic disparities in PA transitions across adulthood necessitate tailored interventions.
  • Innovative strategies are needed for populations experiencing substantial PA declines by early adulthood.