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Atopic dermatitis is associated with a fivefold increased risk of polysensitisation in children

Suzanne A Broeks1, Paul L P Brand2,3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, ZGT Hospital, Almelo, The Netherlands.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|December 28, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Children with atopic dermatitis have a significantly higher risk of polysensitisation, meaning they are sensitised to five or more allergens. This finding supports the theory of a compromised skin barrier facilitating allergen exposure.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • A dysfunctional skin barrier in atopic dermatitis may lead to increased allergen exposure.
  • Polysensitisation, defined as allergic sensitisation to five or more allergens, is a growing concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between atopic dermatitis and the likelihood of polysensitisation in children.
  • To determine if atopic dermatitis increases the risk of developing allergies to multiple common allergens.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of electronic hospital records for 1743 children (aged 0-17) with allergic symptoms.
  • Measurement of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels against 10 common inhaled and food allergens.
  • Comparison of polysensitisation rates between children with and without atopic dermatitis, adjusting for age and gender.

Main Results:

  • Polysensitisation was significantly more prevalent in children with atopic dermatitis (22.4%) compared to those without (5.5%, p < 0.001).
  • Atopic dermatitis was independently associated with an increased odds of polysensitisation (OR: 5.63, 95% CI: 3.77-8.40).
  • Other skin disorders did not demonstrate a similar increased risk for polysensitisation.

Conclusions:

  • Polysensitisation is considerably more common in children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis.
  • These findings support the hypothesis that a defective skin barrier in atopic dermatitis facilitates allergen sensitisation.
  • The increased risk of polysensitisation appears specific to atopic dermatitis.
Abstract

Keywords:
Atopic dermatitisPolysensitisationSkin barrierSpecific immunoglobulin ETranscutaneous sensitisation

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