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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation in the Cnidarian Model System Exaiptasia diaphana
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Major transitions in dinoflagellate evolution unveiled by phylotranscriptomics.

Jan Janouškovec1,2,3,4, Gregory S Gavelis5, Fabien Burki3

  • 1Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; janjan.cz@gmail.com.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 29, 2016
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Summary

Dinoflagellate evolution reveals a single origin for their cellulosic theca and metabolic dependence on plastids. This study clarifies their evolutionary history and unique biological features.

Keywords:
dinoflagellatesdinosterolphylogenyplastidstheca

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Dinoflagellates are crucial marine organisms with complex genomes and unresolved evolutionary relationships.
  • Understanding their biology is hindered by unique molecular traits and genomic complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To infer a robust dinoflagellate phylogeny using a representative transcriptome dataset.
  • To map key morphological and molecular evolutionary transitions within dinoflagellates.
  • To revise models of thecal tabulation evolution and dinosterol biomarker origins.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic inference using a large dinoflagellate transcriptome dataset.
  • Integration of molecular, fossil, and biogeochemical data.
  • Comparative analysis of metabolic pathways and gene recruitment in dinoflagellates.

Main Results:

  • Established the early-branching position of Noctiluca and confirmed monophyly of thecate dinoflagellates.
  • Provided evidence for a single origin of the cellulosic theca, linked to cellulase evolution.
  • Demonstrated metabolic dependence on plastids in nonphotosynthetic dinoflagellates and proposed mechanisms for eukaryotic plastid dependency.
  • Identified three distinct evolutionary waves of DNA-binding protein recruitment in dinoflagellate nuclei.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a robust phylogenetic framework for dinoflagellate evolution.
  • Revises understanding of thecal plate evolution and the timing of dinosterol acquisition.
  • Highlights the universal metabolic reliance on plastids across free-living dinoflagellates.
  • Offers insights into the evolution of nuclear organization and gene acquisition in eukaryotes.