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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography
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Overdiagnosis in breast imaging.

Andy Evans1, Sarah Vinnicombe1

  • 1Mail Box 4, Level 7, Breast Imaging, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee University, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.

Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|December 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Overdiagnosis, particularly of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and low-grade invasive cancers, is a significant issue in cancer screening, potentially leading to overtreatment and psychological harm.

Keywords:
Breast imagingMammographyOverdiagnosisTomosynthesisUltrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Overdiagnosis, the detection of cancers that would not have caused harm, is a primary concern in cancer screening.
  • Mammographic screening, while beneficial for early detection, inevitably leads to overdiagnosis, estimated at around 10%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the extent and implications of overdiagnosis in cancer detection, particularly concerning ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and low-grade invasive cancers.
  • To evaluate the impact of advanced imaging techniques like tomosynthesis, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on overdiagnosis rates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and screening data concerning overdiagnosis rates.
  • Analysis of the role of specific imaging modalities and cancer subtypes in the overdiagnosis phenomenon.

Main Results:

  • Overdiagnosis is an inherent aspect of mammographic screening, with estimates around 10%.
  • Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and low-grade invasive cancers constitute a significant portion of screen-detected overdiagnoses.
  • Supplementary screening with tomosynthesis and US, and highly sensitive MRI, are likely to increase overdiagnosis by detecting indolent or non-progressive lesions.

Conclusions:

  • The detection and treatment of low-grade DCIS and invasive tubular cancers frequently represent overdiagnosis.
  • Advanced imaging techniques, while improving detection, risk increasing overdiagnosis, necessitating careful consideration of treatment benefits versus harms.
  • Minimizing overdiagnosis requires a nuanced approach to interpreting screening findings and managing screen-detected cancers, especially low-risk ones.