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The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

Hair Cells

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.

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A MEMS Condenser Microphone-Based Intracochlear Acoustic Receiver.

Flurin Pfiffner, Lukas Prochazka, Dominik Peus

IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering

|December 29, 2016

Summary

A novel microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) condenser microphone (CMIC)-based intracochlear acoustic receiver (ICAR) enables accurate intracochlear sound pressure (ICSP) measurements in human temporal bones.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Acoustics
Otoacoustic Emissions

Background:

Intracochlear sound pressure (ICSP) measurements are challenging due to the inner ear's small size and liquid environment.
Existing intracochlear acoustic receivers (ICARs) lack the required sensitivity, small dimensions, and robustness for repeated use.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a new microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) condenser microphone (CMIC)-based ICAR for ICSP measurements.
To address the limitations of current ICSP measurement techniques in human temporal bones.

Main Methods:

A MEMS CMIC-based ICAR was designed with a passive protective diaphragm (PD) to shield the microphone from the liquid medium.
A lumped element model (LEM) was developed to characterize the ICAR components.
The ICAR's performance was evaluated through fabrication and testing in human cadaver temporal bones.

Main Results:

The LEM showed good agreement with experimental measurements across various PD sizes.
ICSP measurements in human temporal bones yielded results consistent with existing literature.
The fabricated ICAR demonstrated suitability for ICSP measurements.

Conclusions:

The developed MEMS CMIC-based ICAR is a promising technology for accurate ICSP measurements in the audible frequency range.
This ICAR concept holds potential for use in totally implantable cochlear implants and evaluating the biomechanical hearing process.