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Circadian rhythms and gene expression during mouse molar tooth development.

Minou Nirvani1, Cuong Khuu1, Tor Paaske Utheim1,2,3,4

  • 1a Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.

Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
|December 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study found that circadian clock genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) oscillate during tooth and enamel development. These findings suggest that circadian rhythms influence enamel formation and may impact individual enamel phenotypes.

Keywords:
Clock genesdental enamelmicroRNAsmicroarraysodontogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Incremental lines in dental enamel suggest a role for the circadian clock in enamel formation.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of circadian influence on tooth development is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate circadian oscillations of genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) during tooth and enamel development.
  • To determine if key enamel formation genes and circadian clock genes exhibit daily rhythmic expression patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative gene and miRNA expression profiling of mouse mandibular first molar tooth germs at different time points.
  • Utilized microarrays and real-time RT-PCR for expression analysis.
  • Bioinformatic analysis (IPA, TargetScan) to identify miRNA-mRNA targets and pathways.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in gene and miRNA expression were observed between light and night phases.
  • Genes essential for enamel formation (Amelx, Ambn, Amtn, Odam) showed circadian oscillation.
  • Circadian clock genes (Clock, Bmal1) oscillated, with inverse correlations to miR-182 and miR-141.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs (miR-182, miR-141) regulate peripheral circadian rhythms in developing teeth by controlling CLOCK and BMAL1 expression.
  • Circadian rhythm regulation is likely important for enamel phenotype.
  • Variations in individual enamel morphology may be linked to differences in circadian profiles.