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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C
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Testing for Cytomegalovirus in Pregnancy.

Alda Saldan1, Gabriella Forner1, Carlo Mengoli1

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology
|December 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a leading cause of newborn hearing loss and neurological issues. Evaluating immune responses, alongside current methods, may enhance prenatal diagnosis of this significant maternal and fetal infection.

Keywords:
CMV-ELISPOTCMV-QuantiFERONIgG aviditycongenital infectionshuman cytomegalovirusimagingimmunoserologylaboratory assays

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a primary cause of sensorineural hearing loss and neurodevelopmental deficits in newborns.
  • Intrauterine CMV transmission rates vary significantly based on the type of maternal infection (primary vs. nonprimary).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in diagnosing maternal and congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections.
  • To explore the potential of immune response evaluation in improving prenatal CMV diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic techniques including maternal serology, CMV-DNA detection in amniotic fluid and fetal blood.
  • Assessment of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in prenatal diagnosis.
  • Exploration of recent evidence on immune-mediated aspects of congenital CMV infection.

Main Results:

  • Current prenatal diagnosis relies on serology, molecular detection, and imaging (US, MRI).
  • Emerging evidence suggests congenital CMV infection has immune-mediated characteristics.
  • Evaluating humoral and T-cell immunity shows promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal diagnosis of congenital CMV infection can be improved by incorporating immune response assessments.
  • Further research into immune markers could lead to more effective prenatal screening and management strategies for CMV.