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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Minimally Invasive Ultrasound-Guided Acupotomy in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment
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Review Article: Osteophytes.

Siu Him Janus Wong1, Kwong Yuen Chiu, Chun Hoi Yan

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery (Hong Kong)
|December 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Osteophytes, bony outgrowths common in osteoarthritis, have various types and risk factors. Understanding their pathophysiology and treatments, like bisphosphonates or cheilectomy, is key for managing pain and improving quality of life.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Rheumatology
  • Bone Biology and Disease

Background:

  • Osteophytes are characteristic bony outgrowths in osteoarthritis.
  • They arise from various factors and contribute to disease symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review osteophyte classification, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of osteophyte management in osteoarthritis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of osteophyte types, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatments.
  • Synthesis of information on extraspinal and vertebral osteophyte classifications.

Main Results:

  • Osteophytes are classified as marginal, central, periosteal, capsular (extraspinal) or traction, claw (vertebral).
Keywords:
osteophytephysiopathologyrisk factorstreatment outcome

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  • Risk factors include age, BMI, physical activity, genetics, and environment; TGF-β is implicated in pathophysiology.
  • Osteophytes cause pain, limited motion, reduced quality of life, and spinal symptoms.

    • Conclusions:

    • Medical treatments include bisphosphonates and NSAIDs.
    • Surgical intervention, such as cheilectomy, is recommended for specific impingement syndromes.