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Twins reared together: minimizing shared environmental effects.

D A Grayson

    Behavior Genetics
    |July 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Conventional twin studies often assume additive genetic variance, potentially overestimating heritability. This paper explores nonadditive genetic effects, or epistasis, and their impact on twin analysis accuracy.

    Area of Science:

    • Biometric-genetic analysis
    • Behavioral genetics
    • Quantitative genetics

    Background:

    • Twin studies commonly assume additive genetic variance.
    • This assumption can lead to overestimation of heritability and underestimation of shared environmental variance (E2).
    • The potential for nonadditive genetic effects (epistasis) is often overlooked.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the potential magnitude of nonadditive genetic variance.
    • To quantify the misestimations in heritability and shared environmental variance caused by ignoring epistasis.
    • To stimulate discussion on the empirical evidence for epistatic effects in human traits.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical modeling of genetic variance components.
    • Simulation studies to assess bias under different genetic architectures.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of existing literature on nonadditive genetic effects.

    • Main Results:

    • Ignoring nonadditive genetic variance can substantially bias heritability estimates.
    • The degree of bias is dependent on the extent of epistatic interactions.
    • Underestimation of shared environmental variance may also occur.

    Conclusions:

    • Conventional twin analyses may produce biased results if nonadditive genetic effects are present.
    • Empirical investigation into the prevalence of epistasis in human traits is warranted.
    • Re-evaluation of established heritability estimates may be necessary.