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Averting the legacy of kidney disease: focus on childhood

Julie R Ingelfinger1, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh1, Franz Schaefer1

  • 1World Kidney Day.

Future Science OA
|December 30, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Childhood kidney disease, often stemming from congenital issues, can lead to adult chronic kidney disease (CKD). Early detection and treatment are crucial for at-risk children to prevent long-term health problems.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Nephrology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood kidney disease presents unique challenges, differing significantly from adult presentations.
  • Congenital anomalies and inherited disorders are primary causes in children, unlike the more common glomerulopathies and diabetes-related kidney disease in adults.
  • Acute kidney injury in childhood can precipitate long-term sequelae, including hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Approach:

  • Focus on identifying risk factors in early life, such as premature birth or being small-for-date.
  • Emphasize close monitoring of high-risk individuals to enable early detection and intervention for kidney disease.
  • Highlight the effectiveness of kidney replacement therapy, including dialysis and transplantation, for advanced childhood CKD, noting that most children do not require such intensive treatment.

Key Points:

  • Congenital anomalies and inherited disorders are the leading causes of CKD in children.
  • Premature or small-for-date newborns face an elevated risk of developing CKD later in life.
  • Early detection and timely intervention are critical for managing childhood kidney disease and preventing progression.

Conclusions:

  • Children with advanced CKD can achieve successful outcomes with kidney replacement therapy, often faring better than adults.
  • Addressing disparities in healthcare access is essential to ensure effective treatment for all children with kidney disease, regardless of location or economic status.
  • Raising public and policymaker awareness about childhood kidney disease is vital for improving care and outcomes.

Keywords:
chronic kidney diseasecongenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT)developmental origins of health and disease (DoHAD)pediatrics

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