Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 9, 2026
Applying Permanent, Robust Stenciled Patterns of Fine Particles to Elastomeric Surfaces
Published on: July 8, 2025
Patch testing with rubber series in Europe: a critical review and recommendation
Katharine L Warburton1, Wolfgang Uter2, Johannes Geier3
1Department of Dermatology, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK.
Background:
Rubber additives constitute an important group of contact allergens, particularly in certain occupations.
Objectives:
To collect information regarding the current practice of using a 'rubber series' in Europe, and discuss this against the background of evidence concerning the prevalence of allergy in order to derive a recommendation for a 'European rubber series'.
Methods:
The following were performed: (i) a survey targeting all members of the COST action 'StanDerm' consortium, (ii) analysis of rubber contact allergy data in the database of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies, and (iii) a literature review.
Results:
Information from 13 countries was available, from one or several departments of dermatology, and occasionally occupational health. Apart from some substances tested only in single departments, a broad overlap regarding important allergens was evident, but considerable variation existed between departments.
Conclusions:
An up-to-date 'European rubber series' is recommended, with the exclusion of substances only of historical concern. A 'supplementary rubber series' containing allergens of less proven importance, requiring further analysis, is recommended for departments specializing in occupational contact allergy. These should be continually updated as new evidence emerges.
