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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
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Consider a jib crane with an external load suspended from the pulley. The dimensions of the crane members are shown in the figure. A systematic analysis of the frame structure is required to determine the reaction forces at the pin joints, assuming that the pulleys are frictionless.
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Conflict processing among multiple frames of reference.

Weizhi Nan1,2, Qi Li1, Yanlong Sun3

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.

Psych Journal
|December 30, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spatial representations use multiple frames of reference (FORs). Incongruent intrinsic FORs (FOR-IFORs) slow responses more than egocentric FORs (FOR-EFORs), supporting the Frame of Reference-based Map of Salience theory.

Keywords:
conflictegocentric frame of reference (EFOR)intrinsic frame of reference (IFOR)salience

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Spatial Cognition

Background:

  • Humans utilize multiple frames of reference (FORs) for spatial representation.
  • The Frame of Reference-based Map of Salience (FORMS) theory posits that salient FORs are prioritized.
  • Human spatial performance depends on the interplay of various FOR-based representations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between different FORs (egocentric [FOR-EFOR] and intrinsic [FOR-IFOR]).
  • To test predictions of the FORMS theory regarding FOR interactions and salience.
  • To explore how conflicts among FORs influence spatial processing and response times.

Main Methods:

  • A modified two-cannon task was employed to create conflicts between FORs.
  • Participants' response times were measured under conditions of congruent and incongruent FORs.
  • The study manipulated conflicts between FOR-EFOR and FOR-IFOR to assess their interaction.

Main Results:

  • Response times were significantly slower when two FOR-IFORs were incongruent compared to congruent.
  • An interaction effect was observed between conflicts involving FOR-IFORs.
  • The impact of conflicting FOR-IFORs was substantially larger than that of conflicting FOR-IFOR and FOR-EFOR.

Conclusions:

  • Despite potentially distinct coding mechanisms, FOR-EFOR and FOR-IFOR share common processing resources and compete.
  • The findings provide empirical support for the FORMS theory's principles of FOR interaction and salience.
  • This research elucidates the complex interplay of spatial frames of reference in human cognition.