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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
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Age-related morphological, histological and functional changes in teeth.

T S Carvalho1, A Lussi1

  • 1Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
|December 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

As people age, teeth undergo natural wear and changes like enamel thinning and dentine sclerosis. Distinguishing these physiological dental changes from pathological conditions is crucial for maintaining oral health-related quality of life.

Keywords:
agedageingdental pulp calcificationdentine sensitivityroot cariestooth

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Area of Science:

  • Gerodontology
  • Dental Biomaterials

Background:

  • Teeth endure lifelong chemical and physical stressors, leading to wear of dental hard tissues and gingival recession.
  • Age-related dental changes include enamel thinning, secondary dentine formation, and dentine sclerosis, impacting pulp chamber volume.
  • Gingival recession is a primary cause of root caries and dentine hypersensitivity in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the physiological changes in dental hard tissues and pulp throughout the aging process.
  • To differentiate age-related dental alterations from pathological conditions affecting oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on age-related changes in dental enamel, dentine, and pulp.
  • Analysis of the impact of physiological aging on tooth structure and oral health outcomes.
  • Emphasis on the distinction between normal aging processes and disease states in dental tissues.

Main Results:

  • Reduced enamel thickness and altered properties of exposed dentine due to wear.
  • Dentine sclerosis and secondary dentine formation decrease pulp chamber volume.
  • Age-related dental pulp calcifications may occur, alongside gingival recession.

Conclusions:

  • Physiological aging significantly alters dental hard tissues and pulp, necessitating careful differentiation from pathological changes.
  • Maintaining oral health in older adults requires regular examinations and preventive strategies to address age-related dental issues.
  • Distinguishing physiological from pathological changes is key to preserving oral health-related quality of life in the elderly.