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Related Concept Videos

Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

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Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
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Angina manifests as chest pain, tightness, or squeezing discomfort typically located behind the breastbone. It can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulders, and inner aspects of the upper arms, most commonly the left arm. Patients may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, profuse sweating, dizziness, indigestion, heartburn, palpitations, anxiety, and vomiting as accompanying symptoms. This pain often lasts a few minutes and is triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, heavy meals, or cold...
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Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...
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Hyperventilation refers to a higher-than-normal rate and depth of breathing, often associated with anxiety attacks. This excessive breathing surpasses the body's need to expel CO2, leading to a condition known as hypocapnia - an unusually low level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia can constrict cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain, which may result in dizziness or fainting. Early signs include tingling and muscle spasms in the hands and face, caused by falling...
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Panic attack history and smoking topography.

Samantha G Farris1, Lily A Brown2, Renee D Goodwin3

  • 1The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 345 Blackstone Blvd., Providence, RI 02906 USA; The Miriam Hospital, Centers for Behavioral and Preventative Medicine, 164 Summit St., Providence, RI 02906 USA; Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI 02906 USA.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence
|December 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Smokers with a history of panic attacks exhibit more consistent puffing behavior, suggesting a greater drive for nicotine. This persistent smoking style may increase their risk for continued dependence and necessitate tailored interventions.

Keywords:
AnxietyPanic attacksPuff topographySmoking motivation

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral psychology
  • Addiction research
  • Clinical psychology

Background:

  • The relationship between panic attacks and smoking behavior, specifically puffing topography, is not well understood.
  • Puffing topography serves as a behavioral indicator of the reinforcing value of smoking.
  • This study investigates smoking patterns in daily smokers with and without a history of panic attacks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine differences in puffing topography between daily smokers with and without a history of panic attacks.
  • To understand how smoking style changes over the course of smoking a single cigarette in these groups.
  • To identify potential unique vulnerabilities in smokers with panic attack history.

Main Methods:

  • 124 non-treatment seeking daily smokers participated.
  • Panic attack history was assessed via diagnostic interview; 28.2% reported a history.
  • Puffing topography (volume, duration, inter-puff interval) was measured using the Clinical Research Support System (CReSS) during a single cigarette smoking trial.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in average puff volume, duration, or inter-puff interval were found between groups.
  • Multi-level modeling revealed a significant time x panic interaction for puff volume and duration.
  • Smokers with panic attack history maintained consistent puff volume and duration, while those without showed an initial increase followed by a decrease.

Conclusions:

  • Smokers with a panic attack history display more persistent self-regulation of nicotine delivery.
  • This sustained puffing behavior may indicate a higher risk for continued smoking and nicotine dependence.
  • Targeted treatments may be necessary to address the specific needs of smokers with panic attack history.