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[Toxic alcohol poisonings].

Paweł Kulicki1, Tomasz Głogowski2

  • 1Katedra i Klinika Nefrologii, Dializoterapii i Chorób Wewnętrznych WUM, Warszawa, Polska, pkulicki@wp.pl.

Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)
|December 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Ethylene glycol and methanol poisonings cause severe metabolic acidosis and organ damage. Early treatment with fomepizole or ethanol inhibits toxic metabolite formation, while hemodialysis is crucial for advanced cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Ethylene glycol and methanol poisonings are significant global health concerns.
  • Metabolism by alcohol dehydrogenase produces toxic byproducts leading to severe acidosis and multi-organ failure.
  • These intoxications can be fatal if not managed promptly and effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the toxicological mechanisms of ethylene glycol and methanol.
  • To discuss the critical role of early therapeutic interventions.
  • To highlight the necessity of emergency hemodialysis in severe poisoning cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of toxicological pathways and clinical manifestations.
  • Analysis of early competitive inhibition strategies for alcohol dehydrogenase.
Keywords:
ethanolethylene glycolhemodialysismetabolic acidosismethanolserum anion gaptoxic alcohols

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  • Evaluation of indications for emergency hemodialysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Alcohol dehydrogenase metabolizes ethylene glycol and methanol into toxic acids.
    • Early administration of ethanol or fomepizole competitively inhibits this enzyme.
    • Severe acidosis and organ dysfunction necessitate urgent hemodialysis.

    Conclusions:

    • Prompt recognition and management are vital for ethylene glycol and methanol poisonings.
    • Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase is key in the early stages.
    • Hemodialysis is a life-saving intervention for established severe toxicity.