The Facial Adipose Tissue: A Revision

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Histology
• Dermatology

Background:

• Facial aging involves changes in subcutaneous and deep facial fat compartments.
• Current anti-aging treatments like fillers and fat grafting have limited understanding of their precise effects on facial fat.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on facial fat compartments, including anatomy, histology, and therapeutic options.
• To highlight differences in facial adipose tissue types and their mechanical properties.

Main Methods:

• Narrative review of existing literature on facial fat compartments.
• Analysis of anatomical location, histologic appearance, and immune-histochemical characteristics.
• Examination of cellular interactions and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

• Three distinct types of facial adipose tissue identified: fibrous, structural, and deposit.
• These fat types vary in adipocyte size and extracellular matrix composition, influencing mechanical properties.
• Superficial (dermal white adipose tissue) and deep (subcutaneous white adipose tissue) locations are noted.

Conclusions:

• Facial fat compartments possess unique characteristics influencing aging and treatment outcomes.
• Minimally invasive and surgical interventions must consider these fat properties for optimal facial rejuvenation.
• Further research is needed to fully understand facial fat tissue characteristics and aging processes.