Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

79.8K
Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
79.8K
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

8.0K
The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
8.0K
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

9.8K
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
9.8K
Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

196.0K
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
196.0K
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

51.4K
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
51.4K
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

36.0K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
36.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

MicroRNA-30c analog C2 decreases plasma cholesterol and atherosclerosis without causing liver injury in preclinical studies.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

H3K4me1 directs H3K36me2 and H3K36me3 deposition in land plants.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Targeting transthyretin by one Cas9 variant with superfidelity and broad compatibility.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Cryo-EM structure of a natural RNA nanocage.

Nature·2025
Same author

Crystal structures and snapshots along Tpt1-catalyzed phosphate transfer from nucleic acid to NAD<sup></sup>.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Synthesis and biochemical studies of N<sup>3</sup>-methylcytidine(m<sup>3</sup>C), N<sup>4</sup>-methylcytidine (m<sup>4</sup>C) and N<sup>4</sup>, N<sup>4</sup>-dimethylcytidine (m<sup>4</sup><sub>2</sub>C) modified RNAs.

Methods in enzymology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen
11:32

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen

Published on: May 24, 2017

12.7K

Structural insights into RNA duplexes with multiple 2΄-5΄-linkages.

Fusheng Shen1,2, Zhipu Luo3, Hehua Liu4

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research
|December 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA duplexes with non-canonical 2΄-5΄-linkages show altered structures and less favorable solvent interactions. This research deepens understanding of RNA backbone flexibility and prebiotic RNA significance.

More Related Videos

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

10.0K
Estimation of Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA from DNA/RNA Hybrid Complexes
11:24

Estimation of Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA from DNA/RNA Hybrid Complexes

Published on: December 5, 2025

288

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen
11:32

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen

Published on: May 24, 2017

12.7K
Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

10.0K
Estimation of Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA from DNA/RNA Hybrid Complexes
11:24

Estimation of Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA from DNA/RNA Hybrid Complexes

Published on: December 5, 2025

288

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Astrobiology

Background:

  • 2΄-5΄-linked RNAs are significant in biological systems.
  • Mixed 2΄-5΄ and 3΄-5΄ phosphodiester bonds are plausible in prebiotic RNA.
  • Previous studies revealed RNA duplex structural adjustments to accommodate 2΄-5΄-linkages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural impact of increased 2΄-5΄-linkages in RNA duplexes.
  • To provide insights into RNA backbone flexibility with heterogeneous linkages.
  • To explore the biochemical and prebiotic significance of RNA 2΄-5΄-linkages.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution crystal structure determination of RNA duplexes.
  • Analysis of RNA structural parameters and geometry.
  • Hydration pattern and solvation energy analysis.

Main Results:

  • Two new crystal structures of decamer RNA duplexes with four and eight 2΄-5΄-linkages were determined.
  • Increased 2΄-5΄-linkages cause distributed local structural perturbations across nucleotides.
  • 2΄-5΄-linkages exhibit less favorable solvent interactions compared to 3΄-5΄-linkages.

Conclusions:

  • RNA duplex structure dynamically adapts to varying numbers of 2΄-5΄-linkages.
  • The study enhances understanding of RNA backbone flexibility and structural dynamics.
  • Findings contribute to knowledge on the biochemical and prebiotic relevance of RNA 2΄-5΄-linkages.