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Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

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The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
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Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
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Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.
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Understanding the Physical Nature of Coronal "EIT Waves".

D M Long1, D S Bloomfield2,3, P F Chen4

  • 1Mullard Space Science Laboratory, UCL, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT UK.

Solar Physics
|December 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The physical nature of solar corona EIT waves has been debated for 20 years. Most researchers now conclude these waves are fast-mode shocks driven by coronal mass ejections.

Keywords:
Coronal mass ejections, low coronal signaturesWaves, magnetohydrodynamicWaves, propagationWaves, shock

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Area of Science:

  • Solar Physics
  • Plasma Astrophysics
  • Heliophysics

Background:

  • The nature of globally propagating waves in the solar corona, known as EIT waves, has been debated for nearly two decades.
  • Previous observations and proposed theories have led to conflicting interpretations regarding their physical mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reexamine existing theories explaining EIT waves.
  • To identify measurable properties and behaviors for comparison with observational data.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of observational data from various solar missions (EIT, STEREO, SDO).
  • Comparison of theoretical models with high-resolution spatial and temporal data.

Main Results:

  • Inconsistencies in earlier interpretations were highlighted by data from STEREO and SDO.
  • The study consolidates evidence supporting a particular wave interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • The majority consensus is that EIT waves are best described as fast-mode large-amplitude waves or shocks.
  • These waves are initiated by the impulsive expansion of erupting coronal mass ejections in the lower solar corona.