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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Protists IV01:27

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Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
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Diversity of Protists II01:27

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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
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Diversity of Protists I01:15

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Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
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Biodiversity describes the variety of living things at multiple organizational levels: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity includes all branches of the evolutionary tree from single-celled prokaryotic organisms, bacteria, and archaea, to the eukaryotic kingdoms: plants; animals; fungi; and protists. To date, there have been about 1.75 million species identified, and new species are discovered every week.
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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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A Comparative Approach for Quantitative Cell Counting Studies in Widely Different Mammalian Brains
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Regional Diversity and Diversification in Mammals.

Antonin Machac, Catherine H Graham

    The American Naturalist
    |December 31, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    High-diversity regions, particularly the tropics, drive mammal diversification rather than suppress it. Contrary to the classic hypothesis, expanding mammal clades thrive in diverse areas, indicating these regions are engines of richness.

    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Biogeography
    • Ecology

    Background:

    • The relationship between regional diversity and species diversification rates is debated.
    • A revived hypothesis suggests diversification slows as regional diversity increases.
    • However, empirical evidence for this is scarce, with diversity often thought to promote speciation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of regional diversity on mammalian diversification rates.
    • To test whether high regional diversity suppresses or promotes species diversification.
    • To examine patterns across all mammal species and major orders.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the most recent mammal phylogeny encompassing 4,990 species.
    • Employed two distinct analytical methods to assess diversification.
    Keywords:
    biodiversityconservatismequilibriumgradientnicherichness

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  • Controlled for factors including clade relatedness, nestedness, and size.

    • Main Results:

    • Regions with high mammal diversity are characterized by expanding clades near their carrying capacity.
    • Regions with low diversity contain smaller, saturated clades.
    • These findings were consistent across all mammals and their six largest orders.

    Conclusions:

    • The hypothesis that high geographic concentration of mammals suppresses diversification is rejected.
    • Highly diverse regions, especially tropical zones, act as primary drivers of mammalian diversification.
    • These findings highlight the role of diverse environments in promoting evolutionary innovation.