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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Dementia and Pressure Ulcers: Is There a Close Pathophysiological Interrelation?

Efraim Jaul1, Oded Meiron2

  • 1Department of Geriatric Skilled Nursing, Herzog Hospital, Hebrew university of Jerusalem Israel, Jerusalem, Israel.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|December 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study explores shared causes of dementia and pressure ulcers (PU) in elderly patients. Increased awareness of PU in dementia patients may prevent complications and suffering.

Keywords:
Advanced dementiaAlzheimer’s diseasecomorbiditypressure ulcers

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Aging populations experience increased rates of dementia and immobility.
  • Immobility in frail elderly patients with dementia is a significant risk factor for pressure ulcers (PU).
  • Comorbidities like dementia and PU present complex challenges in healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate common pathophysiological mechanisms linking dementia and pressure ulcers (PU).
  • To explore potential new treatment strategies for preventing comorbid complications.
  • To propose a systemic model for understanding disease progression and PU comorbidity.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical investigation based on existing data from elderly dementia patients.
  • Analysis of neurophysiological subsystems affected in dementia.
  • Development of a systemic model of disease progression and comorbidity.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a close pathophysiological interrelation between dementia and PU.
  • Deterioration in neurophysiological subsystems (motor, sensory, autonomic, cognitive, behavioral) is linked to both conditions.
  • A systemic model highlights the impact of dementia on PU development.

Conclusions:

  • Increased clinician awareness of PU in mild to moderate dementia may mitigate PU development.
  • Early recognition can reduce patient suffering and long-term care costs.
  • This approach may lead to the prevention of pressure ulcers in dementia patients.