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Distraction-Based Interventions for Children Undergoing Venipuncture Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Hui-Chen Kuo1, Hsiao-Hsien Pan1, Debra K Creedy2

  • 11 Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.

Clinical Nursing Research
|January 1, 2017
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Summary

Distraction techniques like picture books and cartoons effectively reduced behavioral distress in Taiwanese children during venipuncture. These interventions were most effective for children aged 4 to 5 years, offering a culturally adaptable approach.

Keywords:
childrendistractiondistressrandomized controlled trialvenipuncture procedure

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric medical procedures
  • Behavioral science
  • Child psychology

Background:

  • Distraction techniques for pediatric medical procedures are understudied in Asian contexts.
  • Venipuncture is a common and often distressing procedure for hospitalized children.
  • Culturally relevant interventions are needed to manage pediatric procedural distress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the effectiveness of distraction interventions on behavioral distress during venipuncture in Taiwanese children.
  • To compare the impact of picture books and animated cartoons versus routine care.
  • To identify age-specific effectiveness of distraction techniques in children aged 3 to 7 years.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 276 Taiwanese children aged 3 to 7 years.
  • Children were allocated to receive a picture book, animated cartoon, or routine oral instructions.
  • Behavioral distress was assessed using the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised by trained observers.

Main Results:

  • All children experienced distress during needle insertion, but distraction groups showed less distress.
  • Distraction interventions were significantly more effective in reducing distress compared to routine care.
  • Children aged 4 to 5 years showed the greatest benefit from distraction techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Culturally tailored distraction interventions, including picture books and animated cartoons, are effective in reducing procedural distress in Taiwanese pediatric patients.
  • These age-appropriate interventions can be adapted for use in other Chinese cultural contexts.
  • Distraction techniques provide a valuable, non-pharmacological approach to managing pediatric procedural anxiety and pain.