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Related Experiment Video

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Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations

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Published on: August 21, 2018

Acoustics from a rectangular supersonic nozzle exhausting over a flat surface.

Pablo Mora¹, Florian Baier¹, K Kailasanath²

¹Department of Aerospace Engineering & Engineering Mechanics, University of Cincinnati, 745 Baldwin Hall ML 0700, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|January 2, 2017

Summary

Investigating jet exhaust over a plate reveals surface-jet interaction noise. The plate placement significantly alters jet acoustics, reducing some noise while intensifying others, crucial for aircraft take-off and landing noise reduction.

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Area of Science:

Aerospace Engineering
Acoustics
Fluid Dynamics

Background:

Jet exhaust noise is a significant factor in aircraft operations.
Understanding jet-airframe and jet-ground interactions is crucial for noise mitigation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the acoustic effects of a jet exhausting over a plate.
To simulate jet-airframe surface and jet-ground interactions during take-off and landing.

Main Methods:

Tested a supersonic rectangular nozzle (2:1 aspect ratio, Mach 1.5) with and without a plate at varying distances.
Measured far-field acoustics of cold and heated jets under different expansion conditions (over-expanded, design, under-expanded).
Analyzed noise in reflected, sideline, and shielded azimuthal directions, complemented by shadowgraph imaging.

Main Results:

Surface-jet interaction generated "scrubbing" and "scattering" noise at low frequencies when the plate was near the nozzle exit.
A plate at the nozzle exit reduced broadband shock-associated noise and weakened shock-cell structures.
Screech tones were mitigated with the plate at the nozzle exit in cold jets but intensified when the plate moved away in under-expanded conditions.
Crackle levels increased in the sideline within a specific range of plate positions.
Shielded regions exhibited considerably lower noise levels due to the shielding effect.

Conclusions:

Plate proximity to the jet significantly influences noise generation and propagation.
Surface-jet interaction introduces distinct noise characteristics, particularly at lower frequencies.
Strategic placement of surfaces near jet exhausts can be leveraged for noise reduction, but requires careful consideration of operating conditions and noise types.