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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Production of High-Titer Infectious Influenza Pseudotyped Particles with Envelope Glycoproteins from Highly Pathogenic H5N1 and Avian H7N9 Viruses
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Filamentous Influenza Viruses.

Matthew D Badham1, Jeremy S Rossman1

  • 1School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK.

Current Clinical Microbiology Reports
|January 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Influenza A virus can be spherical or filamentous. Researchers are exploring viral and host factors influencing filamentous influenza virus formation and its role in infection spread.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Microbiology
  • Pathogen Research

Background:

  • Influenza A virus (IAV) is a significant global pathogen.
  • IAV exhibits pleomorphism, forming spherical and filamentous virions.
  • The formation and function of filamentous IAV remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on IAV assembly and budding.
  • To identify viral and host factors determining IAV morphology.
  • To discuss the potential role of filamentous morphology in viral spread.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of viral and host factors involved in IAV morphogenesis.
  • Discussion of recent findings on filamentous IAV in vivo.
Keywords:
AssemblyBuddingFilamentsInfluenza virusMorphology

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Main Results:

  • IAV assembly and budding involve complex viral and host interactions.
  • Specific factors influencing the determination of viral morphology are highlighted.
  • Emerging evidence suggests filamentous IAV may aid in viral dissemination.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding IAV morphology is crucial for comprehending its replication cycle.
  • Filamentous IAV morphology may play a role in facilitating in vivo spread.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the biological significance of filamentous IAV.