Tuberculosis in vulnerable populations in Eastern Mediterranean Region-Implications for control.

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Infectious Disease Epidemiology
• Global Health Security

Background:

• Vulnerable populations face disproportionately high risks of tuberculosis (TB) infection and contribute to ongoing transmission.
• Factors such as poverty, health inequities, and limited access exacerbate TB control challenges within these groups.
• Key vulnerable demographics include children, women, prisoners, individuals with HIV, the homeless, and displaced persons.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the impact of vulnerable populations on tuberculosis incidence and transmission.
• To analyze the influence of diverse sociopolitical and socioeconomic contexts on TB control efforts in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of TB incidence and transmission dynamics within the 22 member states of the Eastern Mediterranean Region.
• Assessment of the demographic composition and risk factors associated with vulnerable groups in the region.

Main Results:

• Children and adolescents (≤19 years) constitute approximately 60% of the regional population, representing a significant at-risk group.
• Mental or substance abuse disorders affect up to 11% of the population.
• The Eastern Mediterranean Region hosts over 50% of the global refugee population, further complicating TB control.

Conclusions:

• Effective tuberculosis control necessitates targeted, country-specific strategies to reach and engage vulnerable populations.
• Addressing the unique challenges faced by these groups is critical for reducing TB burden and preventing further transmission.