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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
[Facial feminization surgery - middle and inferior thirds]
F Boucher1, A Gleizal2, A Mojallal1
1Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 103, grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France.
Abstract:
The authors present the surgical techniques of facial feminization of the middle third and the inferior third in the context of sexual reassignment surgery. These techniques adapted to patients 'male to female' are proposed to strong masculine facial features of patients and are based in the middle third of the remodeling of the malar region by fat grafting, reduction and/or deprojection techniques in rhinoseptoplasty and upper lip surgery. Concerning the inferior third, remodeling of the mandibular angles, genioplasty and chondrolaryngoplasty are adapted.
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