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Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Perspectives and Gender Differences
Giuseppina T Russo1, Annalisa Giandalia1, Elisabetta L Romeo1
1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
International Journal of Endocrinology
|January 4, 2017
Summary
Type 2 diabetes increases fracture risk due to bone quality changes. Treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) may also impact bone health and fracture risk, requiring careful consideration.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Bone Metabolism
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to higher osteoporotic fracture rates, causing disability and mortality.
- Pathophysiology involves altered bone structure and quality due to factors like insulin issues, obesity, and hormonal changes.
Approach:
- This review synthesizes experimental and clinical data on T2DM's impact on bone metabolism and fracture risk.
- Emphasis is placed on hypoglycemic treatments and gender-specific effects.
Key Points:
- Diabetes complications (neuropathy, retinopathy) and hormonal imbalances affect bone metabolism.
- Common T2DM medications can influence bone health and fracture risk, especially in postmenopausal women.
- Balancing drug effects on bone quality against hypoglycemia-induced fall risks is crucial.
Conclusions:
- T2DM significantly impacts bone metabolism and increases fracture risk through various mechanisms.
- Hypoglycemic therapies require careful evaluation for their dual effects on bone quality and fall risk.
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