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Related Concept Videos

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In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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LabVIEW-operated Novel Nanoliter Osmometer for Ice Binding Protein Investigations
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Evidence for a missing source of efficient ice nuclei.

Rui Du1, Pengrui Du1, Zedong Lu1

  • 1College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.

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|January 4, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered unknown ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in rainwater, suggesting a new source for cloud formation. These submicron INPs challenge existing theories on precipitation and weather modification.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric science
  • Microbiology
  • Cloud physics

Background:

  • Bioaerosols, particularly ice-nucleation-active (INA) bacteria like Pseudomonas syringae, are known to influence cloud and precipitation formation.
  • Previous research has primarily focused on known bacterial and fungal species as the main sources of ice nuclei (IN).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bacterial and fungal ice nuclei (IN) in rainwater from North China's temperate grasslands.
  • To identify the characteristics and microbial composition of IN activity in rainwater.
  • To explore potential novel sources of ice-nucleating particles (INPs).

Main Methods:

  • Collection and analysis of rainwater samples over three years.
  • Immersion freezing testing to determine median freezing temperatures (T50).
  • Heat and filtration treatments to assess IN activity.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of microbial communities, focusing on Pseudomonas strains.
  • Characterization of submicron INA particles.

Main Results:

  • Rainwater samples exhibited significant IN activity, with median freezing temperatures above -10°C.
  • Heat and filtration treatments demonstrated varying inactivation rates (7-54% and 2-89%) of IN activity.
  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most identified Pseudomonas strains were not closely related to known high-INA species.
  • Submicron INA particles (<220 nm) were detected in rainwater, distinct from known high-INA bacteria and fungi.

Conclusions:

  • Rainwater contains efficient submicroscale or nanoscale INPs not attributable to known species.
  • These findings necessitate a re-evaluation of the sources contributing to ice nucleation in precipitation.
  • The discovery opens avenues for exploring new weather modification strategies.