Why Veterinary Medical Educators Should Embrace Cumulative Final Exams

Summary

Cumulative final examinations offer significant advantages in veterinary education, outweighing concerns about student stress. These exams provide better learning evidence and valid, fair assessment of veterinary students

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Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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