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Related Concept Videos

Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

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The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Sound as Pressure Waves01:17

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Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Deglutition01:25

Deglutition

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Swallowing, otherwise known as deglutition, facilitates the transport of food from the mouth to the stomach. It is a multifaceted process that involves both the tongue and the muscles of the throat and esophagus. Saliva and mucus aid in this process, which takes approximately 4 to 8 seconds for semi-solid or solid food and around 1 second for liquids or very soft food.
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Caustic ingestion.

Mircea Chirica1, Luigi Bonavina2, Michael D Kelly3

  • 1Department of Digestive and Emergency Surgery, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France.

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|January 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Corrosive ingestion can cause severe esophageal and stomach damage. CT scans aid in treatment decisions, but optimal management and the role of endoscopic stenting for strictures require further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Surgical Critical Care

Background:

  • Corrosive ingestion is a rare but severe medical emergency.
  • Clinical management guidelines exist, but practice variations persist due to limited clinician experience.
  • Injuries range from minor to life-threatening full-thickness necrosis of the esophagus and stomach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current evidence on managing corrosive ingestion injuries.
  • To provide a management plan for clinicians.
  • To identify areas for future research to improve patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical guidelines.
  • Comparative analysis of diagnostic imaging modalities (CT scan vs. endoscopy).
  • Discussion of therapeutic options including surgical resection, observation, and endoscopic interventions.

Main Results:

  • CT scans are more effective than endoscopy for stratifying patients for emergency resection or observation.
  • Esophageal stricture is a frequent complication.
  • Endoscopic stenting shows potential but its role in corrosive strictures is not yet established.

Conclusions:

  • A structured approach to managing corrosive ingestion is necessary.
  • Further research is crucial to define optimal treatment strategies, particularly for esophageal strictures.
  • Improved management protocols can mitigate the severe consequences of corrosive ingestion.