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Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model
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Cellular aging towards osteoarthritis.

Yu-Sheng Li1, Wen-Feng Xiao1, Wei Luo1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
|January 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging significantly contributes to osteoarthritis (OA) by altering chondrocytes and increasing oxidative stress. Antioxidants and novel therapies may help prevent or delay age-related OA progression.

Keywords:
AgingAntioxidantsChondrocyte dysfunctionOsteoarthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Rheumatology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease strongly linked to the aging process.
  • Aging induces cellular changes in chondrocytes, impacting cartilage health and joint function.
  • Understanding aging's role in OA is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of aging in the development and progression of osteoarthritis.
  • To elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related OA.
  • To explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting age-related OA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating aging and osteoarthritis.
  • Analysis of cellular signaling pathways affected by aging in chondrocytes.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging therapeutic interventions for age-related OA.

Main Results:

  • Aging promotes OA through chondrocyte dysfunction, increased matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines, and reduced collagen type II and aggrecan synthesis.
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increases with age, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and chondrocyte death, exacerbating OA.
  • Antioxidant supplementation shows promise in preventing or delaying age-related OA.

Conclusions:

  • Aging is a key driver of osteoarthritis via cellular senescence and oxidative stress in chondrocytes.
  • Therapeutic agents like histone deacetylase inhibitors and anti-miR34a show potential but require further clinical validation.
  • Targeting aging mechanisms offers a promising avenue for OA prevention and treatment.