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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies
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The Roughton-Forster equation for DLCO and DLNO re-examined.

M-Y Kang1, D Grebenkov1, H Guénard2

  • 1Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France.

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|January 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The Roughton and Forster model for lung diffusing capacity may misinterpret measurements. Differentiating carbon monoxide (DLCO) and nitric oxide (DLNO) uptake offers distinct insights into respiratory health.

Keywords:
Capillary volumeDLCODLNORoughton and Forster

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The Roughton and Forster (RF) model divides lung diffusing capacity into diffusion to red blood cells (RBCs) and capture by RBCs.
  • This model is crucial for understanding gas exchange in the lungs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological interpretations of the RF model for lung diffusing capacity.
  • To analyze the distinct contributions of diffusion and reaction kinetics for different gases like carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO).

Main Methods:

  • Solving diffusion-reaction equations for simplified capillary-RBC models.
  • Analyzing the extrapolation of 1/DLCO on PO2 to zero pressure.
  • Comparing the uptake mechanisms of CO and NO.

Main Results:

  • The conventional extrapolation to zero pressure of 1/DLCO on PO2 is not a correct measure of the diffusive component, leading to erroneous capillary volume estimations.
  • DLCO reflects "volume absorption" within RBCs and correlates with hematocrit.
  • DLNO quantifies "surface absorption," providing insights into the morphology of the alveolar-RBC interface.

Conclusions:

  • The RF approach may lead to erroneous physiological interpretations of DLCO.
  • Measuring both DLCO and DLNO provides complementary information for a better understanding of respiratory diseases.
  • Differentiating gas uptake mechanisms (volume vs. surface absorption) is key to accurate interpretation.