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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

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Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Related Experiment Video

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Placental transcriptome co-expression analysis reveals conserved regulatory programs across gestation.

Sam Buckberry1,2,3, Tina Bianco-Miotto1,4, Stephen J Bent1

  • 1The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Adelaide, 5005, Australia.

BMC Genomics
|January 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study maps gene co-expression in the human placenta, revealing conserved molecular networks crucial for development. It identifies key regulators and a module linked to preeclampsia, offering insights into placental function and disease.

Keywords:
Co-expressionGene expressionMicroarrayPlacentaPreeclampsiaRNA-seq

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Placental development is essential for mammalian in utero development.
  • Placental genome regulation is key to proper fetal growth.
  • Analyzing placental transcriptome organization reveals gene co-expression patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze human placental co-expression.
  • To identify conserved gene co-expression modules across gestation and species.
  • To uncover transcriptional regulators and disease-associated gene modules.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated multiple human placental transcriptome datasets.
  • Performed RNA sequencing analysis.
  • Analyzed co-expressed gene flanking sequences.

Main Results:

  • Identified gene modules preserved across human gestation and conserved in mouse.
  • Discovered conserved placental molecular networks and late-gestation specific patterns.
  • Found ZNF423 and EBF1 as key regulators of conserved co-expression modules.
  • Identified a preeclampsia-enriched co-expression module with differential expression in the condition.

Conclusions:

  • Provides a comprehensive characterization of placental co-expression.
  • Offers insights into transcriptional regulators governing placental development.
  • Highlights conserved molecular programs fundamental to placental function.