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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Procoagulant Platelet Characterization by Measuring Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Microvesicle Release from Human Purified Platelets
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Polyphosphate nanoparticles on the platelet surface trigger contact system activation.

Johan J F Verhoef1, Arjan D Barendrecht2, Katrin F Nickel3,4

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Blood
|January 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platelets store polyphosphate (a polymer) within nanoparticles on their surface, which potently activates coagulation factor XII. This finding clarifies how platelet polyphosphate promotes thrombus formation and blood coagulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Hematology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Polyphosphate (PolyP) is an inorganic polymer involved in blood coagulation.
  • Platelet-derived PolyP is linked to thrombus formation and Factor XII activation.
  • The mechanism of PolyP's role in thrombus formation is unclear due to the small size of secreted PolyP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which platelet polyphosphate contributes to thrombus formation.
  • To investigate the state and function of polyphosphate on activated platelets.

Main Methods:

  • Live-cell imaging
  • Confocal and electron microscopy
  • Ultracentrifugation fractionation

Main Results:

  • Activated platelets retain polyphosphate on their surface as nanoparticles.
  • Membrane-associated polyphosphate nanoparticles are larger and more potent in activating Factor XII than soluble polyphosphate.
  • These nanoparticles are formed with divalent metal ions.

Conclusions:

  • Platelet polyphosphate exists in a nanoparticle state on activated platelet surfaces.
  • These polyphosphate nanoparticles potently activate coagulation Factor XII.
  • Polyphosphate nanoparticles mechanistically link platelet procoagulant activity with Factor XII activation.