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An Evolutionary Framework for Carpel Developmental Control Genes.

Kai C Pfannebecker1, Matthias Lange1, Oliver Rupp2

  • 1Department of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|January 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The evolution of carpel development involved ancient gene families present in early land plants and seed plants. These genes were modified to form the regulatory networks crucial for flowering plant reproduction and fruit development.

Keywords:
angiospermscarpel developmentevolution of plant reproductionland plantsphylogeny reconstructions

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Area of Science:

  • Plant reproductive biology
  • Evolutionary genomics
  • Molecular genetics

Background:

  • Carpels are key female reproductive organs in angiosperms, essential for fruit and seed development.
  • Genes like AGAMOUS (AG), ETTIN (ETT), LEUNIG (LUG), SEUSS (SEU), and SHORT INTERNODE/STYLISH (SHI/STY) regulate carpel development.
  • The evolutionary origins and timing of these regulatory genes are largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary history and origin of genes regulating carpel development.
  • To determine the phylogenetic presence of key carpel development regulators across land plant lineages.
  • To reconstruct the ancestral state of the carpel regulatory network.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of gene families across diverse land plant genomes.
  • Comparative genomics to identify homologous genes in species like Physcomitrella patens, Selaginella moellendorfii, and Picea abies.
  • Dating gene family origins relative to key evolutionary events like whole genome duplications.

Main Results:

  • LUG-, SEU-, and SHI/STY-like genes existed in the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all land plants.
  • AG- and SEPALLATA (SEP)-like genes were present in the MRCA of seed plants, potentially originating during a whole genome duplication.
  • The carpel regulatory network partially originated from pre-existing components modified for gynoecium development.

Conclusions:

  • The regulatory network for carpel development has ancient evolutionary roots.
  • Key genes involved in carpel development were recruited and adapted from older gene families.
  • Understanding the evolution of these genes provides insights into the origin of angiosperms.