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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

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Synthetic Fluorophores for Visualizing Biomolecules in Living Systems.

V I Martynov1, A A Pakhomov1, N V Popova1

  • 1Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.

Acta Naturae
|January 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic fluorescent probes offer a versatile alternative to fluorescent proteins for live imaging. This review covers a broad spectrum of synthetic tools and their applications in biological research, including ion and pH measurements.

Keywords:
fluorescence microscopyfluorophoremeasurement of ion concentrationmeasurement of local pHsite-directed reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Imaging

Background:

  • Fluorescent protein technology has advanced live imaging but has limitations.
  • Low-molecular-weight synthetic fluorophores are often preferable alternatives.
  • A wide range of spectral variants of fluorescent proteins have been discovered.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the available synthetic fluorescent tools for live imaging.
  • To discuss advances in the site-directed introduction of synthetic fluorophores.
  • To highlight applications of synthetic probes in biological research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of synthetic fluorescent tools spanning UV to near-infrared spectrum.
  • Overview of methods for site-directed introduction of fluorophores into cells.
  • Discussion of probe applications for measuring ion concentrations and pH.

Main Results:

  • Synthetic fluorescent tools cover the entire spectral range.
  • Advances enable targeted delivery of synthetic fluorophores into cellular components.
  • These probes are effective for quantifying local ion concentrations and pH.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic fluorophores provide a powerful and versatile toolkit for live imaging.
  • Site-directed introduction methods enhance the utility of these probes.
  • Synthetic fluorescent probes are crucial for addressing diverse biological questions.