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Tissue Microarray Analysis Applied to Bone Diagenesis.

Rafael Barrios Mello¹, Maria Regina Regis Silva¹, Maria Teresa Seixas Alves¹

¹Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Pathology, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil.

Scientific Reports

|January 5, 2017

Summary

Tissue microarray (TMA) analysis of exhumed bone reveals postmortem changes. This method aids in understanding bone diagenesis and its impact on DNA recovery for forensic and archaeological studies.

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Area of Science:

Forensic Anthropology
Archaeology
Palaeontology
Diagenesis Studies

Background:

Taphonomic processes significantly impact bone integrity postmortem.
Understanding bone diagenesis is crucial for forensic, archaeological, and palaeontological research.

Purpose of the Study:

To apply tissue microarray (TMA) analysis to exhumed femoral bone specimens.
To standardize comparative analysis of bone microstructure and postmortem alterations.

Main Methods:

Utilized TMA for multiplexing bone subsamples from 20 individuals.
Applied various histological stains (H&E, PAS, Silver Methenamine, Picrosirius Red) and immunohistochemistry (CD31, CD34).
Quantified osteocyte counts, lacunae, bone matrix loss, and fungal elements.

Main Results:

TMA enabled measurement of osteocyte counts, matrix loss, and fungal presence.
Faster decalcification with 7% nitric acid showed potential for better structural preservation compared to EDTA.
No endothelial cells were detected via CD31/CD34 immunohistochemistry.
A correlation between osteocytes per lacuna and age at death was observed.

Conclusions:

TMA is a valuable tool for analyzing postmortem diagenesis in bone.
Findings provide insights into bone degradation and potential implications for DNA survival and recovery.
The study highlights the utility of TMA in comparative bone analysis across different burial durations.