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Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
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Optimal Loading for Maximizing Power During Sled-Resisted Sprinting.

Matt R Cross, Matt Brughelli, Pierre Samozino

    International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
    |January 5, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Sled-resisted sprints accurately profile force-velocity-power relationships. Optimal loading for peak power (69-96% body mass) is higher than current guidelines, offering individualized training for horizontal power development.

    Keywords:
    horizontal forcemechanical profilingsprint training

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Sports Science
    • Human Movement

    Background:

    • Force-velocity-power relationships are crucial for athletic performance.
    • Optimal loading for power production requires further investigation across different athlete groups.
    • Sled-resisted training is a common method for developing sprinting power.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine if force-velocity-power relationships can be derived from sled-resisted overground sprints.
    • To identify and compare optimal sled loading for maximizing power output in different athlete cohorts.
    • To assess the reliability of this profiling method.

    Main Methods:

    • Recreational athletes and sprinters performed maximal sprints with varying sled masses (20-120% body mass).
    • Velocity was measured using sports radar; peak velocity kinetics were calculated.
    • Individual force-velocity and power-velocity relationships were generated using regression models.

    Main Results:

    • Force-velocity and power-velocity relationships were reliably fitted (R² > .977) and showed good test-retest reliability.
    • Optimal loading for peak power was 78% ± 6% and 82% ± 8% of body mass for recreational athletes and sprinters, respectively.
    • Sprinters produced greater maximal power at higher velocities compared to recreational athletes.

    Conclusions:

    • Sled-resisted sprints effectively profile mechanical force-velocity-power relationships.
    • Optimal loading conditions (69-96% body mass) are significantly higher than current recommendations.
    • This method allows for individualized training parameter quantification to optimize horizontal power development.