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Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

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Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

Marlene Fischer¹, Erich Schmutzhard²

¹Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. mar.fischer@uke.de.

Journal of Neurology

|January 6, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition causing symptoms like seizures and vision loss, often linked to high blood pressure. Most patients fully recover, but some may have lasting neurological issues.

Keywords:

Chemotherapy Encephalopathy Hypertensive encephalopathy Preeclampsia Vasogenic edema

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Radiology

Background:

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological disorder with acute onset.
Clinical presentation includes headache, visual deficits, confusion, seizures, and focal neurological deficits.
Elevated arterial blood pressure is common in PRES patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings, associated conditions, treatment, and prognosis of PRES.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical data and neuroimaging findings (MRI) in patients with PRES.
Analysis of underlying conditions contributing to PRES development.
Evaluation of treatment strategies and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

PRES is characterized by a distinct parieto-occipital pattern of vasogenic edema on MRI.
Commonly associated with cytotoxic medication, (pre)eclampsia, sepsis, renal disease, or autoimmune disorders.
Most patients experience reversible clinical symptoms and imaging lesions.

Conclusions:

PRES is a reversible neurological condition with a generally favorable prognosis.
Treatment is symptomatic and guided by the underlying cause.
Neurological sequelae, such as epilepsy, can persist in some individuals.