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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
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Attention flexibly trades off across points in time.

Rachel N Denison1, David J Heeger2, Marisa Carrasco2

  • 1Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA. rachel.denison@nyu.edu.

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Summary

Voluntary temporal attention enhances perception at cued times but impairs it at other times. This selective attention across time mirrors spatial attention, showing attention is limited in both dimensions.

Keywords:
Selective attentionTemporal attentionVisual perceptionVoluntary attention

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • The brain constantly processes sensory input.
  • Temporal attention can prioritize information at specific times.
  • Voluntary temporal attention to successive stimuli is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate benefits and costs of voluntary temporal attention.
  • Examine attention to sequential visual targets with predictable timing.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel experimental protocol.
  • Assessed perception of orientation for sequential visual targets.
  • Manipulated voluntary temporal attention cues.

Main Results:

  • Enhanced visual orientation perception at cued times.
  • Impaired visual orientation perception earlier and later than cued times.
  • Demonstrated perceptual tradeoffs analogous to spatial attention.

Conclusions:

  • Voluntary temporal attention is selective.
  • Attentional benefits and costs extend across time.
  • Attention is a limited resource in both temporal and spatial domains.