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The complex patient: A concept clarification.

Eli Manning1, Marilou Gagnon2

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The term "complex patient" is increasingly used but lacks a clear definition across healthcare disciplines. This review clarifies its evolution and meaning for better practice and research.

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Management
  • Medical Sociology
  • Health Sciences

Background:

  • The concept of the "complex patient" is widely adopted across medicine, nursing, and social work.
  • Despite its prevalence, the term lacks a consistent, universally accepted definition.
  • This ambiguity hinders effective communication and application in multidisciplinary settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To chronologically review the evolution of the
  • complex patient
  • concept and its related terms.
  • To analyze disciplinary usage and nuances of the concept in health sciences literature (2005-2015).
  • To discuss implications for clinical practice, research, and theory.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on concept clarification principles.
  • Analysis of scholarly articles published between 2005 and 2015 in health sciences.
  • Examination of surrogate terms including comorbidity, multimorbidity, polypathology, dual diagnosis, and multiple chronic conditions.

Main Results:

  • The concept of the "complex patient" has expanded significantly but lacks definitional clarity.
  • Disciplinary interpretations reveal overlaps and distinct nuances in understanding patient complexity.
  • Surrogate terms are often used interchangeably, contributing to conceptual ambiguity.

Conclusions:

  • Clarifying the definition of the "complex patient" is crucial for consistent application in healthcare.
  • Understanding the concept's evolution and disciplinary variations can improve patient care strategies.
  • Further research is needed to establish a unified theoretical framework for complex patient care.