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Epigenetic Changes in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases.

O Fogel1, C Richard-Miceli2, J Tost3

  • 1Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin-Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, EULAR Centre of Excellence, Paris, France; Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Centre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institut de Génomique, Evry, France.

Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology
|January 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation are altered in chronic inflammatory diseases (SpA, IBD, psoriasis). Understanding these epigenetic changes is crucial for developing new treatments for these growing conditions.

Keywords:
Behcet's diseaseCrohn's diseaseDNA methylationEWASEpigeneticsHistone modificationsInflammatory bowel diseasePsoriasisSpondyloarthritisUlcerative colitis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Chronic inflammatory diseases, including spondyloarthritis (SpA), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and psoriasis, have increased significantly.
  • These conditions arise from a complex interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental factors.
  • Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are influenced by environmental exposures and aging, and are increasingly recognized as critical in disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review reported changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications in chronic inflammatory diseases.
  • To explore potential links between epigenetic alterations and disease-associated pathophysiological changes.
  • To discuss the future potential of epigenome engineering for treating inflammatory diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on epigenetic modifications in SpA, IBD, and psoriasis.
  • Analysis of DNA methylation patterns and posttranslational histone modifications.
  • Exploration of connections between epigenetics, microbiome dysbiosis, and genetic susceptibility.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications are altered in chronic inflammatory diseases, but knowledge varies by disease.
  • DNA methylation is relatively well-described in IBD, but less so in psoriasis, with no genome-wide studies in SpA.
  • Potential links between epigenetic changes and disease mechanisms like microbiome dysbiosis are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic dysregulation plays a role in chronic inflammatory diseases.
  • Further research is needed to fully characterize epigenetic changes in SpA and psoriasis.
  • Epigenome engineering may offer future therapeutic strategies for inflammatory conditions.