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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Complexities of Achilles Tendon Injuries — Research and Future Directions
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Os peroneum imaging: normal appearance and pathological findings.

Stefano Bianchi1, Chandra Bortolotto2, Ferdinando Draghi3

  • 1CIM SA, Cabinet Imagerie Médicale, Genève, Suisse.

Insights Into Imaging
|January 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The os peroneum (OP), a bone within the peroneus longus tendon (PLT), can cause pain and be misdiagnosed. This study classifies PLT tears based on OP location, aiding diagnosis of painful os peroneum syndrome (POPS).

Keywords:
Ankle injuriesDiagnostic imagingOs peroneumPainful os peroneum SyndromePeroneus longus tendon

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • The os peroneum (OP) is a sesamoid bone within the peroneus longus tendon (PLT).
  • Painful os peroneum syndrome (POPS) involves pain around the cuboid and can be linked to PLT lesions.
  • Radiologists frequently misdiagnose OP involvement in PLT disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the anatomy and imaging of the os peroneum (OP).
  • To present a classification system for peroneus longus tendon (PLT) tears based on OP location.
  • To improve the diagnosis of painful os peroneum syndrome (POPS).

Main Methods:

  • Review of normal anatomy and imaging appearance of the os peroneum (OP).
  • Classification of peroneus longus tendon (PLT) tears into three subtypes based on OP location (proximal, at level, distal).
  • Discussion of differential diagnoses and post-treatment imaging.

Main Results:

  • Os peroneum (OP) involvement in peroneus longus tendon (PLT) tears can alter OP morphology or position.
  • A three-subtype classification (Type I, II, III) of PLT tears is proposed based on OP location.
  • Different PLT tear locations correlate with distinct changes in OP morphology and position.

Conclusions:

  • Painful os peroneum syndrome (POPS) presents with lateral cuboid pain and is associated with PLT disorders.
  • The proposed classification aids in understanding OP changes related to PLT tear location.
  • Accurate diagnosis of OP involvement in PLT disorders is crucial and requires awareness of these subtypes.