Bilateral central retinal artery occlusions in polyarteritis nodosa.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Rheumatology
• Vascular Medicine

Background:

• Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic vasculitis that can affect various organs, including the eyes.
• Ocular manifestations of PAN can lead to significant visual impairment, such as optic atrophy.
• Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a rare but severe complication of PAN.

Observation:

• This report details the third documented case of bilateral central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) occurring in a patient with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN).
• The patient presented with characteristic symptoms and diagnostic findings consistent with PAN and bilateral CRAO.
• The clinical course and diagnostic workup are thoroughly described.

Findings:

• The presented case highlights a rare but devastating ocular complication of polyarteritis nodosa.
• The findings suggest a potential alternative mechanism contributing to the frequently observed association between PAN and optic atrophy.
• The study provides a detailed account of the pathological process leading to bilateral CRAO in this context.

Implications:

• This case contributes to the understanding of the spectrum of ocular involvement in polyarteritis nodosa.
• The proposed alternative etiology for optic atrophy in PAN may guide future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
• A recommended therapeutic plan is outlined, offering potential management strategies for similar complex cases.