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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Screens02:46

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Accurate blood pressure assessment is crucial for diagnosing and managing various health conditions. To ensure the reliability of these measurements, healthcare professionals must adhere to standardized pre-procedural guidelines. These guidelines enhance patient safety and improve the overall quality of healthcare. The following steps are essential for obtaining accurate and consistent blood pressure readings, from using the appropriate tools to ensuring effective communication with the...
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Assessing Murine Resistance Artery Function Using Pressure Myography
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Genetic screening in arterial hypertension.

Gian Paolo Rossi1, Giulio Ceolotto1, Brasilina Caroccia1

  • 1Clinica dell'Ipertensione Arteriosa, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35126 Padua, Italy.

Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
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Summary

Genetic factors influence blood pressure, contributing to hypertension. Genetic testing offers personalized medicine for predicting responses to antihypertensive drugs, aiding cardiovascular disease management.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Hypertension has a significant genetic component, with genetic factors explaining approximately 40% of blood pressure variance.
  • The genetic complexity of hypertension, involving multiple genes and environmental interactions, has hindered gene identification compared to other diseases.
  • Endocrine hypertension offers a more tractable model for genetic discovery due to well-defined phenotypes and patient stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state and future potential of genetic testing in managing arterial hypertension.
  • To highlight the role of genetic markers in predicting patient responses to antihypertensive medications.
  • To explore how genetic insights can advance personalized medicine approaches for hypertension treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on genetic factors in hypertension.
  • Analysis of studies on genetic determinants in endocrine hypertension.
  • Examination of research on genetic markers for antihypertensive drug response.

Main Results:

  • Genetic factors significantly contribute to hypertension, but its complexity poses challenges for gene discovery.
  • Genetic testing shows promise for personalized medicine, particularly in predicting drug efficacy and adverse reactions.
  • Successful identification of genetic determinants has been achieved in specific forms of hypertension, like endocrine hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic testing is a rapidly advancing field with the potential to revolutionize hypertension management.
  • Identifying genetic markers for drug response can streamline clinical trials and personalize treatment strategies.
  • Personalized medicine through genetic testing offers a powerful approach to combat hypertension, a major cardiovascular disease risk factor.