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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
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Active flat optics using a guided mode resonance.

Soo Jin Kim, Mark L Brongersma

    Optics Letters
    |January 7, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers demonstrate dynamic control of light-matter interactions using a silicon grating coated with indium tin oxide. This tunable optical device achieves significant reflectance modulation, enhancing flat optics capabilities.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Dynamically-controlled flat optics require active control over light-matter interactions in ultrathin layers.
    • Metasurfaces using materials like graphene and phase change materials have shown amplitude and phase modulation.
    • Guided mode resonances offer high optical quality factors for effective light control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate dynamic light-matter interaction in a silicon-based subwavelength grating.
    • To investigate the tunability of reflectance using indium tin oxide.
    • To leverage guided mode resonances for enhanced flat optics.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a silicon-based subwavelength grating.
    • Overcoating the grating with indium tin oxide (ITO).

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  • Characterization of reflectance modulation via electrical tuning.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved dynamic tuning of reflectance from 4% to 86% by electrically controlling the ITO layer.
    • Demonstrated effective light-matter interaction through guided mode resonance.
    • Showcased superior optical quality factors compared to traditional metasurface antennas.

    Conclusions:

    • Silicon gratings with electrically tunable indium tin oxide enable dynamic control of light.
    • Guided mode resonances provide a robust platform for high-performance flat optics.
    • This approach offers enhanced light manipulation within ultrathin layers.