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Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

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Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
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Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

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Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
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Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

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In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
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Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

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Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
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Fizzy Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds Combined with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
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Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere Using Two Complementary Analysis Techniques.

L Alonso1, N Durana1, M Navazo1

  • 1a Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering , University of the Basque Country , Bilbao , Spain.

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)
|January 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study compared two methods for measuring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in an urban area. Gas chromatography and portable gas chromatography identified key aromatic hydrocarbons, aiding air quality monitoring strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Atmospheric Chemistry

Background:

  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are significant air pollutants contributing to photochemical oxidant formation.
  • Effective monitoring strategies are crucial for managing air quality in urban environments.
  • The Autonomous Community of the Basque Country requires robust methods for VOC and oxidant surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate two complementary analytical techniques for VOC measurement in an urban setting.
  • To establish technical and scientific foundations for a VOC and photochemical oxidant monitoring strategy.
  • To compare the efficacy of integrated sampling with Tenax tubes versus in situ analysis with a portable gas chromatograph.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated sampling using Tenax sorbent tubes followed by laboratory gas chromatography (GC).
  • Grab sampling and in situ analysis using a portable gas chromatograph (pGC).
  • Comparative analysis of data obtained from both GC and pGC techniques.

Main Results:

  • Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified as compounds with higher mean concentrations using the Tenax/GC method.
  • The portable gas chromatograph enabled systematic analysis of eight specific chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • Comparison revealed strengths and weaknesses of each technique, with pGC offering additional analytical insights.

Conclusions:

  • Both GC and pGC are valuable tools for urban VOC monitoring, offering complementary data.
  • The study provides a basis for selecting appropriate methods for a comprehensive VOC monitoring program.
  • Findings support the development of targeted air quality management strategies in the Basque Country.