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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Related Experiment Video

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Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors
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Dominating the Negative: How DNMT3A Mutations Contribute to AML Pathogenesis.

Grant A Challen1

  • 1Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|January 7, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Somatic mutations in DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) are common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A new study reveals how the most frequent DNMT3A variant protein drives AML development.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Somatic mutations in DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) are frequently observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • Understanding the functional consequences of these mutations is crucial for deciphering AML pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanistic role of the most common DNMT3A variant protein in AML.
  • To elucidate how this specific protein variant contributes to the development of acute myeloid leukemia.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse genetics models to study DNMT3A variants in vivo.
  • Analyzed primary patient samples from acute myeloid leukemia individuals.
  • Combined genetic and molecular approaches to understand protein function.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific mechanisms by which the common DNMT3A variant protein promotes leukemogenesis.
  • Demonstrated the contribution of this variant to the aberrant epigenetic landscape in AML.
  • Provided insights into the cellular processes affected by the mutated DNMT3A protein.

Conclusions:

  • The common DNMT3A variant protein plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia.
  • Elucidating these mechanisms offers potential therapeutic targets for AML treatment.
  • This study advances the understanding of epigenetic dysregulation in myeloid malignancies.